{"id":1734,"date":"2015-11-01T13:36:41","date_gmt":"2015-11-01T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/?p=1734"},"modified":"2015-11-01T13:36:41","modified_gmt":"2015-11-01T13:36:41","slug":"drive-levels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/?p=1734","title":{"rendered":"Drive levels&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last few years I have not had to think too hard about ensuring I&#8217;m driving my <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/indexVS.cfm?cmd=DisplayProducts&amp;ProdCatID=%20102&amp;encProdID=66EA91711DFB68C03DED4AD35153E12C&amp;DivisionID=65&amp;isArchived=0\" target=\"_blank\">FT-2000<\/a> at a <em>good<\/em> level.\u00a0 i.e. its not being overdriven.\u00a0 It has an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hamradioandvision.com\/how-to-use-an-alc-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\">Automatic Limit Control <\/a>(ALC)\u00a0meter\u00a0and its been a matter of adjusting the\u00a0audio amplifier gain such that the ALC triggers occasionally and only on the\u00a0highest signal peaks.\u00a0\u00a0If a good quality transmitted representation of the input signal is to be produced its essential that the equipment stages are not overdriven.\u00a0 I guess we all rely on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hamradioandvision.com\/how-to-use-an-alc-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\">ALC <\/a>and its correct adjustment is second nature, however, take away the ALC function and what do you do?\u00a0 How do you ensure you don&#8217;t overdrive the radio or downstream amplifiers?\u00a0 This is the problem I had \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m using the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/indexVS.cfm?cmd=DisplayProducts&amp;ProdCatID=%20102&amp;encProdID=66EA91711DFB68C03DED4AD35153E12C&amp;DivisionID=65&amp;isArchived=0\" target=\"_blank\">FT-2000<\/a> as an exciter for my <a href=\"http:\/\/shop.kuhne-electronic.de\/kuhne\/en\/shop\/amateur-radio\/converter-transverte\/transverter\/TR+144+H++40++Transverter\/?card=319\" target=\"_blank\">Kuhne Electronic VHF transverter<\/a>.\u00a0 In this mode the ALC circuitry of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/indexVS.cfm?cmd=DisplayProducts&amp;ProdCatID=%20102&amp;encProdID=66EA91711DFB68C03DED4AD35153E12C&amp;DivisionID=65&amp;isArchived=0\" target=\"_blank\">FT-2000<\/a> no longer works and\u00a0the transverter does not output a drive\u00a0level signal\u00a0which I could connect to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/indexVS.cfm?cmd=DisplayProducts&amp;ProdCatID=%20102&amp;encProdID=66EA91711DFB68C03DED4AD35153E12C&amp;DivisionID=65&amp;isArchived=0\" target=\"_blank\">FT-2000<\/a> or to a homebrew ALC meter.\u00a0 But the transverter does have a red ALC LED which illuminates when the drive level becomes excessive.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0signals\u00a0I&#8217;m\u00a0presenting to the radio are audio and are either voice from the microphone (voice chain)\u00a0or data from a SignaLink USB audio interface (data chain).\u00a0Each of these chains has several amplifiers which\u00a0can be adjusted by an operator:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Voice chain: \u00a03 x\u00a0microphone\u00a0and\u00a02 x RF amplifiers<\/li>\n<li>Data chain: 2 x audio and 2 x RF amplifiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ensuring each\u00a0amplifier is set to a level such that downstream\u00a0equipment is not \u00a0overdriven producing\u00a0distortion and splatter\u00a0is essential!<\/p>\n<p>So, how did I adjust everything?\u00a0 Well, the transverter documentation says to start by\u00a0setting\u00a0the radio to full power (0.1mW when using the transverter connector) in RTTY or CW modes and key the transmitter, then adjust the TX Power control of the transverter to output \u00a020 Watts which should be prior to ALC LED illumination.\u00a0 Having\u00a0done that using a constant CW modulated signal\u00a0I had the transverter generating maximum power for a maximum signal drive level from the radio.\u00a0 That set the upper threshold which could not be breached by the voice or data chains without distortion or the transverters ALC activating.<\/p>\n<p>Next I fed the\u00a0constant CW, RF output of the radio directly into my digital oscilloscope rather than the transverter and noted the signal power.\u00a0 Interestingly, the power levels seemed much higher than the figures stated in the FT-2000 Operating Manual.\u00a0 But from the previous step I knew the transverter was ok with this.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1736\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/rtty_full_power_900x658.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1736\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1736\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/rtty_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219\" alt=\"CW Transmission\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/rtty_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/rtty_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=410%2C300&amp;ssl=1 410w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/rtty_full_power_900x658.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">CW Transmission<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This\u00a0allowed the accurate identification of the\u00a0RF power level\u00a0driving the transverter and thus the baseline\u00a0levels for the voice and data chains.\u00a0 The next step was to generate a constant\u00a0RTTY\u00a0tone using\u00a0the computer and adjust the\u00a0amplifiers in the data chain such that the levels identified in the first step where not breached.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1737\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/fsk_dm780_signalink_adjusted_900x658.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1737\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1737\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/fsk_dm780_signalink_adjusted_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219\" alt=\"RTTY tone generated by DM-780\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/fsk_dm780_signalink_adjusted_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/fsk_dm780_signalink_adjusted_900x658.jpg?resize=410%2C300&amp;ssl=1 410w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/fsk_dm780_signalink_adjusted_900x658.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1737\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">RTTY tone generated by DM-780<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Once done, I performed a similar exercise on the voice chain for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Types_of_radio_emissions\" target=\"_blank\">J3E<\/a>\u00a0(SSB).\u00a0 By selecting a cumulative display mode it was possible to record the varying power level over several iterations of a CQ call.\u00a0 As can be seen, most elements of the call resulted in an average\u00a0level, but interestingly, the &#8216;G&#8217; or Golf in G0RVM generated significantly more power.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1738\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/j3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1738\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1738\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/j3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219\" alt=\"J3E SSB Voice adjustment\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/j3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/j3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=410%2C300&amp;ssl=1 410w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/j3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1738\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">J3E SSB Voice adjustment<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The gain of the voice amplifiers in the voice chain were adjusted so that the upper threshold identified in the first step were\u00a0not breached.\u00a0 The last step was to adjust amplifier gain for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Types_of_radio_emissions\" target=\"_blank\">A3E<\/a> (AM).\u00a0 I had expected this to be very similar to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Types_of_radio_emissions\" target=\"_blank\">J3E<\/a> level but it needed to be slightly higher.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1739\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/a3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1739\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1739\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/a3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219\" alt=\"A3E (AM) Transmission\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/a3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/a3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?resize=410%2C300&amp;ssl=1 410w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tsgarc.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/a3e_phone_full_power_900x658.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A3E (AM) Transmission<\/p><\/div>\n<p>AM is not a mode I use very often, if at all, so I didn&#8217;t spend too much time adjusting amplifier\u00a0gain\u00a0but I did change the gain from the factory default to ensure that the upper threshold identified by the first step was not breached.\u00a0 It could still go a little higher but it will do&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>So, the result of all this testing is that I am now confident that using the voice or data chain&#8217;s I&#8217;m not going to overdrive the radio or transverter.\u00a0 Downstream of the transverter is an RF power amplifier, but that is specified to generate 1kW for 25 Watts of drive,\u00a0and as I don&#8217;t wish to run it at full power, overdriving should not be an issue.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ll just add at this point that the\u00a0above approach is applicable to\u00a0amplitude modulated signals only and thus not those that are frequency modulated.<\/p>\n<p><em>Andrew<\/em><br \/>\n<em>G0RVM<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last few years I have not had to think too hard about ensuring I&#8217;m driving my FT-2000 at a good level.\u00a0 i.e. its not being overdriven.\u00a0 It has an Automatic Limit Control (ALC)\u00a0meter\u00a0and its been a matter of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/?p=1734\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on 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--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[32,17,158,27,12],"class_list":["post-1734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-2m","tag-g0rvm","tag-radio-setup","tag-tsgarc","tag-vhf"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1734"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1741,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tsgarc.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}